{"id":5406,"date":"2025-09-28T10:28:43","date_gmt":"2025-09-28T18:58:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mypacifichealth.com\/?p=5406"},"modified":"2026-03-05T08:25:19","modified_gmt":"2026-03-05T16:55:19","slug":"the-growth-mindset-for-mental-health-embracing-challenges-as-opportunities-for-well-being","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mypacifichealth.com\/vi\/the-growth-mindset-for-mental-health-embracing-challenges-as-opportunities-for-well-being\/","title":{"rendered":"T\u01b0 duy ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n trong s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe tinh th\u1ea7n: Ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c nh\u01b0 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00e2ng cao s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe tinh th\u1ea7n"},"content":{"rendered":"

T\u01b0 duy ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n trong s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe tinh th\u1ea7n: Ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c nh\u01b0 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00e2ng cao s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe tinh th\u1ea7n<\/span><\/h1><\/h1><\/div>

T\u01b0 duy c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n\u2014c\u00e1ch b\u1ea1n nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n v\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi\u2014c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n b\u1ea1n ngh\u0129. <\/span>T\u01b0 duy ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n:<\/span><\/a> Quan ni\u1ec7m cho r\u1eb1ng k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ea3m x\u00fac c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00f4ng qua n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, quan ni\u1ec7m c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh cho r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0 c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/span><\/p>\n

Khi n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe tinh th\u1ea7n, s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 t\u01b0 duy ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 l\u1ea1c quan, trong khi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 t\u01b0 duy c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 r\u01a1i v\u00e0o... <\/span>ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a bi quan<\/span><\/a> v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 tuy\u1ec7t v\u1ecdng. Nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c nh\u01b0 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n gi\u00fap c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u00e2m l\u00fd b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng.<\/span><\/p>\n

Trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng t\u01b0 duy ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n, gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng th\u0103ng tr\u1ea7m trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n, d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t t\u00e2m tr\u00ed kh\u1ecfe m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng h\u01a1n.<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u01b0 duy ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/span><\/h2>\n

Trong t\u00e2m l\u00fd h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 t\u00e2m l\u00fd h\u1ecdc x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, t\u01b0 duy ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch suy ngh\u0129 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn b\u1edfi <\/span>Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 Carol Dweck,<\/span><\/a> t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a <\/span>T\u01b0 duy: T\u00e2m l\u00fd h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng<\/span><\/i>. Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ni\u1ec1m tin r\u1eb1ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta\u2014cho d\u00f9 l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7, k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng c\u1ea3m x\u00fac hay gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1\u2014c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n th\u00f4ng qua n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c, th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 t\u01b0 duy ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n coi sai l\u1ea7m l\u00e0 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi thay v\u00ec l\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng cho th\u1ea5y h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 t\u1ed1t.<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n <\/span>phong c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/span><\/a>\u2014c\u00e1ch b\u1ea1n gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n cho b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n\u2014c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n tin r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n v\u1edbi c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng, lo \u00e2u v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i. Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 b\u1edfi <\/span>T\u00ednh d\u1ebbo dai th\u1ea7n kinh<\/span><\/a>\u2014kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a n\u00e3o b\u1ed9 theo th\u1eddi gian\u2014v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 b\u1edfi<\/span> tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 c\u1ea3m x\u00fac<\/span><\/a>, ho\u1eb7c kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u1ea3m x\u00fac c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n.<\/span><\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t t\u01b0 duy ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n l\u00e0nh m\u1ea1nh c\u0169ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng <\/span>S\u1ef1 thi\u00ean v\u1ecb l\u1ea1c quan<\/span><\/a>\u2014xu h\u01b0\u1edbng mong \u0111\u1ee3i nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p\u2014\u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c, nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn gi\u1eef s\u1ef1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng v\u1edbi suy ngh\u0129 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf.<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u01b0 duy ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n so v\u1edbi t\u01b0 duy c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span><\/h3>\n

A <\/span>t\u01b0 duy c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span><\/a> Cho r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u01b0 tr\u00ed th\u00f4ng minh, t\u00e0i n\u0103ng ho\u1eb7c s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ea3m x\u00fac l\u00e0 v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n \u2014 b\u1ea1n ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 ch\u00fang ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n.<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u01b0 duy ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, coi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00e0 linh ho\u1ea1t v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n. N\u00f3 coi n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c, h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi v\u00e0 ki\u00ean tr\u00ec l\u00e0 ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac. Trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe tinh th\u1ea7n, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 xem nh\u1eefng th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec7m thay v\u00ec r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n. C\u00e0ng th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh quan \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, b\u1ea1n c\u00e0ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean ki\u00ean c\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 linh ho\u1ea1t h\u01a1n.<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00e1ch th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u00e2m l\u00fd<\/span><\/h2>\n

Cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00fac n\u00e0o c\u0169ng d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n\u2014d\u00f9 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0... <\/span>lo \u00e2u<\/span><\/a>, <\/span>tr\u1ea7m c\u1ea3m<\/span><\/a>, n\u1ed7i bu\u1ed3n, ho\u1eb7c \u00e1p l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 nh\u1eefng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y \u0111au kh\u1ed5, ch\u00fang c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea7y m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd. H\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c gi\u00fap x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng s\u1ef1 ki\u00ean c\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00e2m l\u00fd, gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n v\u00e0 tr\u1edf n\u00ean m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd h\u01a1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc. M\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng \u1ee9ng ph\u00f3 m\u1edbi, c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 th\u00f3i quen l\u00e0nh m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n v\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh<\/span> ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n<\/span><\/a> B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch bu\u1ed9c ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. Khi m\u1ecdi vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng su\u00f4n s\u1ebb, ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i suy ngh\u0129 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o, \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn v\u00e0 r\u00e8n luy\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 ki\u00ean tr\u00ec - kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng ngay c\u1ea3 khi g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta n\u00e2ng cao k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi \u00e1p l\u1ef1c trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ef1 tin.<\/span><\/p>\n

Th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m s\u00e2u s\u1eafc th\u00eam t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. <\/span>s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ea3m<\/span><\/a> v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1ea5u hi\u1ec3u ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. Khi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3i qua \u0111au kh\u1ed5, b\u1ea1n th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1edf n\u00ean th\u00f4ng c\u1ea3m h\u01a1n v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang h\u1ecd. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t qu\u00fd gi\u00e1 trong c\u1ea3 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u00e2n s\u1ef1 ho\u1eb7c n\u01a1i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, n\u01a1i s\u1ef1 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. Nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u00f3 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 c\u1ea3m x\u00fac cao\u2014kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u1ea3m x\u00fac c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c\u2014th\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u1ecfi h\u01a1n trong vi\u1ec7c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ki\u00ean nh\u1eabn v\u00e0 quan t\u00e2m.<\/span><\/p>\n

Trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p, s\u1ef1 ki\u00ean c\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n\u2014m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u00edch nghi v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. M\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean ki\u00ean c\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i, qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng v\u00e0 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n duy tr\u00ec m\u1ed9t v\u0103n h\u00f3a l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u00edch c\u1ef1c. Trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, s\u1ef1 ki\u00ean c\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n h\u1ed3i ph\u1ee5c sau nh\u1eefng m\u1ea5t m\u00e1t, t\u00e1i thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/span><\/p>\n

Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c mang l\u1ea1i cho ch\u00fang ta c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng, gi\u00e0u l\u00f2ng tr\u1eafc \u1ea9n v\u00e0 linh ho\u1ea1t h\u01a1n. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng ai mong mu\u1ed1n g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, nh\u01b0ng vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn nh\u1eefng th\u1eed th\u00e1ch nh\u01b0 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n s\u1ebd bi\u1ebfn \u0111au kh\u1ed5 th\u00e0nh ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9\u2014c\u1ea3 cho b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n b\u1ea1n v\u00e0 cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng.<\/span><\/p>\n

Khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1eb1ng sau t\u01b0 duy ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/span><\/h2>\n

\u00dd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 t\u01b0 duy ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean su\u00f4ng\u2014n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. <\/span>khoa h\u1ecdc th\u1ea7n kinh<\/span><\/a>. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng minh r\u1eb1ng n\u00e3o b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta lu\u00f4n thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00f4ng qua m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 neuroplasticity. Trong m\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u mang t\u00ednh b\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u1eb7t, <\/span>nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/span><\/a>, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn h\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch tung h\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e3 cho th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u1edf c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng n\u00e3o li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng th\u1ecb gi\u00e1c v\u00e0 v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng sau ch\u1ec9 v\u00e0i tu\u1ea7n t\u1eadp luy\u1ec7n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 khi ch\u00fang ta t\u1eadp luy\u1ec7n, <\/span>T\u01b0 duy th\u00edch \u1ee9ng<\/span><\/a>\u2014nh\u01b0 vi\u1ec7c nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t sai l\u1ea7m nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi\u2014ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang d\u1ea7n thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac n\u00e3o b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh theo th\u1eddi gian.<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/span><\/a> C\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c cho th\u1ea5y m\u1ed7i khi b\u1ea1n r\u00e8n luy\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng m\u1edbi ho\u1eb7c v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, c\u00e1c neuron trong n\u00e3o s\u1ebd h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd h\u01a1n. Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n \u1edf tu\u1ed5i th\u01a1; ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn c\u0169ng tr\u1ea3i qua nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 trong n\u00e3o khi h\u1ecd th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c b\u00e0i t\u1eadp tinh th\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh ho\u1eb7c tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i tr\u00ed nh\u1edb. <\/span>M\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi tr\u00e1n-\u0111\u1ec9nh<\/span><\/a>, ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh, s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd v\u00e0 <\/span>b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c<\/span><\/a>, C\u00e0ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u, n\u00f3 c\u00e0ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb7n s\u1ebd d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i l\u00e2u d\u00e0i trong c\u00e1ch b\u1ea1n suy ngh\u0129 v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp.<\/span><\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd v\u00e0 tr\u00ed nh\u1edb l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t quan tr\u1ecdng. Trong m\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng, <\/span>th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m<\/span><\/a>, Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u00ed nh\u1edb l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec3m s\u1ed1 m\u00e0 c\u00f2n th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n trong c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean quan\u2014\u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng cho th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 linh ho\u1ea1t nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e2ng cao. S\u1ef1 linh ho\u1ea1t n\u00e0y gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c khi g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, khoa h\u1ecdc ch\u1ee9ng minh r\u1eb1ng n\u00e3o b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. C\u00e0ng xem nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c nh\u01b0 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi, c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn th\u1ea7n kinh c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n c\u00e0ng th\u00edch nghi \u2014 gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n tr\u1edf n\u00ean th\u00f4ng minh h\u01a1n, linh ho\u1ea1t h\u01a1n v\u00e0 s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 th\u1eed th\u00e1ch n\u00e0o m\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng mang l\u1ea1i.<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1ea1i sao s\u1ef1 linh ho\u1ea1t tinh th\u1ea7n l\u1ea1i quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1eady?<\/span><\/h2>\n

S\u1ef1 linh ho\u1ea1t t\u00e2m l\u00fd l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i suy ngh\u0129 v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m x\u00fac khi cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i. Thay v\u00ec b\u1ecb m\u1eafc k\u1eb9t trong m\u1ed9t quan \u0111i\u1ec3m duy nh\u1ea5t, b\u1ea1n lu\u00f4n m\u1edf l\u00f2ng \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eadn nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p m\u1edbi. S\u1ef1 linh ho\u1ea1t t\u00e2m l\u00fd n\u00e0y gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd <\/span>c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng<\/span><\/a>, Th\u00edch nghi v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec t\u00e2m tr\u1ea1ng t\u00edch c\u1ef1c. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch linh ho\u1ea1t thay v\u00ec c\u1ee9ng nh\u1eafc, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng \u1ee9ng ph\u00f3 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd h\u01a1n, h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i l\u00e2u d\u00e0i v\u00e0 t\u00e2m l\u00fd t\u00edch c\u1ef1c.<\/span><\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn<\/span><\/h3>\n

Ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3m x\u00fac kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 b\u1ea1n th\u00edch ch\u00fang\u2014\u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 b\u1ea1n th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn ch\u00fang l\u00e0 th\u1eadt. Khi b\u1ea1n th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn, b\u1ea1n ng\u1eebng ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3m x\u00fac nh\u01b0 lo l\u1eafng hay b\u1ef1c b\u1ed9i v\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u quan s\u00e1t ch\u00fang m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1n x\u00e9t. S\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch n\u00e0y l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng suy ngh\u0129 ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng tinh th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m<\/span><\/h3>\n

Ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn h\u01a1i th\u1edf, c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, b\u1ea1n r\u00e8n luy\u1ec7n n\u00e3o b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn ra khi c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng ho\u1eb7c lo l\u1eafng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n. S\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y, d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean khoa h\u1ecdc th\u1ea7n kinh c\u1ea3m x\u00fac, gi\u00fap c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 tr\u00ed nh\u1edb l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u1eadp trung c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n, khi\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng t\u00edch c\u1ef1c thay v\u00ec ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng theo th\u00f3i quen tr\u1edf n\u00ean d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n.<\/span><\/p>\n

L\u00f2ng bi\u1ebft \u01a1n<\/span><\/h3>\n

L\u00f2ng bi\u1ebft \u01a1n<\/span><\/a> Th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh\u2014nh\u01b0 vi\u1ec7c li\u1ec7t k\u00ea ba \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u1ea1n c\u1ea3m \u01a1n m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y\u2014s\u1ebd chuy\u1ec3n h\u01b0\u1edbng s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u sai tr\u00e1i sang nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn. Th\u00f3i quen n\u00e0y gi\u00fap x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng hy v\u1ecdng v\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i xu h\u01b0\u1edbng ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a n\u00e3o b\u1ed9. Theo th\u1eddi gian, l\u00f2ng bi\u1ebft \u01a1n nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c d\u1ed3i d\u00e0o v\u00e0 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y <\/span>ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a l\u1ea1c quan \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u00e8n luy\u1ec7n<\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u01b0 duy l\u1ea1c quan l\u00e0nh m\u1ea1nh so v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 t\u00edch c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i<\/b><\/h3>\n

T\u01b0 duy l\u1ea1c quan c\u00f3 c\u0103n c\u1ee9 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi tin r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1eeb ch\u00fang. N\u00f3 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng gi\u1eefa suy ngh\u0129 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u00e0 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u1ea1c quan. <\/span>S\u1ef1 t\u00edch c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i<\/span><\/a>, Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, n\u00f3 ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn nh\u1eefng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 v\u00e0 \u00e9p bu\u1ed9c b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i \u201cch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n vui v\u1ebb\u201d, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn b\u1ea1n c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y b\u1ecb hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m v\u00e0 c\u00f4 l\u1eadp.<\/span><\/p>\n

Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, s\u1ef1 linh ho\u1ea1t tinh th\u1ea7n gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn nh\u1eefng th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i thay v\u00ec th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i. Khi b\u1ea1n chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u1eefng tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi, b\u1ea1n bi\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng th\u00e0nh s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 c\u1ea3m x\u00fac v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh t\u00e2m l\u00fd th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1. T\u01b0 duy linh ho\u1ea1t n\u00e0y gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng th\u0103ng tr\u1ea7m c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 t\u00f2 m\u00f2, d\u0169ng c\u1ea3m v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 tin.<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00e1ch chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb bi quan sang l\u1ea1c quan<\/span><\/h3>\n

Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a bi quan v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a l\u1ea1c quan b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb c\u00e1ch ch\u00fang ta gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n - phong c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng coi nh\u1eefng th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i l\u00e0 v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n (\u201cT\u00f4i s\u1ebd lu\u00f4n th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i\u201d), b\u1ea1n \u0111ang m\u1eafc k\u1eb9t trong ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a bi quan. Nh\u01b0ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch thay \u0111\u1ed5i cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m th\u00e0nh \u201cTh\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y l\u00e0 t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi, v\u00e0 t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi\u201d, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1ea1c quan h\u01a1n.<\/span><\/p>\n

H\u00e3y ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Voltaire v\u1ec1 \u201cth\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3\u201d trong <\/span>Candide<\/span><\/i>Ngay c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng l\u1ed9n x\u1ed9n c\u0169ng \u1ea9n ch\u1ee9a nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i \u00edch ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n. Nh\u00e0 t\u00e2m l\u00fd h\u1ecdc <\/span>Martin Seligman<\/span><\/a> G\u1ecdi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 \"ni\u1ec1m tin l\u1ea1c quan c\u00f3 c\u0103n c\u1ee9\", t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm nh\u1eefng m\u1eb7t t\u00edch c\u1ef1c trong m\u1ecdi t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi v\u1eabn gi\u1eef th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i suy ngh\u0129 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, h\u00e3y th\u1eed \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o l\u1eddi t\u1ef1 nh\u1ee7 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n: \u201cC\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y?\u201d Theo th\u1eddi gian, t\u00e2m tr\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n khi n\u00e3o b\u1ed9 t\u00e1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac xung quanh nh\u1eefng suy ngh\u0129 t\u00edch c\u1ef1c. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap n\u00e2ng cao tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 c\u1ea3m x\u00fac v\u00ec b\u1ea1n tr\u1edf n\u00ean nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c r\u00f5 h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch suy ngh\u0129 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea3m x\u00fac.<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u1edbi m\u1ed7i suy ngh\u0129 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn l\u1ea1i, b\u1ea1n \u0111ang x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng s\u1ef1 ki\u00ean c\u01b0\u1eddng\u2014bi\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng chu\u1ed7i suy ngh\u0129 ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec7m cho s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00e1ch v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u01b0 duy ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n<\/span><\/h2>\n

Ngay c\u1ea3 khi c\u00f3 \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng t\u01b0 duy ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n h\u01a1n. Nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n n\u00e0y l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua ch\u00fang.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn<\/span><\/p>\n